Near 10,000 BC Native Americans or Paleo-Indians arrived in what today is referred to as the American South. European-American settlers named it after the Ojibwe word ᒥᓯ-ᓰᐱ misi-ziibi (English: Great river). The state's name is derived from the Mississippi River, which flows along and defines its western boundary. Mississippi has a humid subtropical climate classification. Mississippi's highest point is Woodall Mountain at 807 feet (246 m) above sea level adjacent to the Cumberland Plateau the lowest is the Gulf of Mexico.

The northwest remainder of the state consists of the Mississippi Delta, a section of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. Mississippi is almost entirely within the Gulf coastal plain, and generally consists of lowland plains and low hills. Other main industries in Mississippi include advanced manufacturing, utilities, transportation, and health services. Mississippi produces more than half of the country's farm-raised catfish, and is also a top producer of sweet potatoes, cotton and pulpwood. Top economic industries in Mississippi today are agriculture and forestry. states in measures of health, education, and development, while ranking high in measures of poverty. Mississippi frequently ranks low among U.S. Mississippi was the site of many prominent events during the civil rights movement, including the Ole Miss riot of 1962 by white students objecting to desegregation, the 1963 assassination of Medgar Evers, and the 1964 Freedom Summer murders of three activists working on voting rights. In 2010, 37.3% of Mississippi's population was African American, the highest percentage of any state. Until the Great Migration of the 1930s, African Americans were a majority of Mississippi's population. Following the Civil War, it was restored to the Union on February 23, 1870. Mississippi declared its secession from the Union on January 9, 1861, and was one of the seven original Confederate States, which constituted the largest slaveholding states in the nation. By 1860, Mississippi was the nation's top cotton-producing state and slaves accounted for 55% of the state population. On December 10, 1817, Mississippi became the 20th state admitted to the Union. Greater Jackson is the state's most populous metropolitan area, with a population of 591,978 in 2020. Jackson is both the state's capital and largest city. states and has the lowest per-capita income in the United States.

Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 35th-most populous of the 50 U.S. Mississippi's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River. Mississippi ( / ˌ m ɪ s ɪ ˈ s ɪ p i/ ( listen)) is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee to the east by Alabama to the south by the Gulf of Mexico to the southwest by Louisiana and to the northwest by Arkansas.

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